Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia

Ayana Bulti Olana

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12

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Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia

Ayana Bulti Olana^*

Published in Engineering and Applied Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 25 March 2025 Accepted: 9 April 2025 Published: 29 April 2025

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Abstract

This paper reviews sources, causes, extent, effect, and remedies of problems with waterlogging and salinity in the agricultural land in the case of Ethiopia. Due to extensive seepage into the groundwater and agricultural problems land suffers from waterlogging and salinization. These issues can be managed by using either preventive or corrective strategies. Waterlogging and salinization are serious obstacles to the long-term viability of irrigated agricultural lands and the livelihoods of farmers in the afflicted areas, particularly smallholders. Waterlogging and salinization are caused by a variety of circumstances, including seepage from unlined clay canals, insufficient surface and subsurface drainage, poor water management methods, insufficient water supply, and irrigation with low-quality groundwater. According to the reviews, the surface drainage systems built were initially successful in lowering groundwater levels in an agricultural area selected based on the economy of the farmer. Overall success was restricted, however, due to poor system operation and maintenance, as well as a lack of suitable facilities for the disposal of saline drainage effluent. To put it another way, lowering groundwater levels through deep tube wells, salt leaching from excessive irrigation, chemical additions (gypsum, acids, organic matter), and biological and physical approaches are all options. Generally, this review paper gives an overview of several solutions for waterlogging and salinity concerns as well as their appropriateness and limitations in areas of agricultural lands.

Published in	Engineering and Applied Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12
Page(s)	18-26
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Effects, Irrigation, Remedies, Salinization, Waterlogging

References

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[3]	Costantini, E. A. C. (n. d.). EIP AGRI Focus Group Soil Salinization Starting Paper. 1‑11. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/sites/agri‑eip/files/eip‑agri_fg36_soil_salinisation_starting_paper_2019_en.pdf
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[7]	Gebremeskel, G., Gebremicael, T. G., Kifle, M., Meresa, E., Gebremedhin, T., & Girmay, A. (2018). Salinization pattern and its spatial distribution in the irrigated agriculture of Northern Ethiopia: An integrated approach of quantitative and spatial analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 206(May), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.007
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[12]	Merga, B., & Ahmed, A. (2019). Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology A Review on Agricultural Problems and Their Management in Ethiopia. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology Available, 7(8), 1189–1202.
[13]	Milroy SP, Bange MP, Thongbai P. 2009. Cotton leaf nutrient concentrations in response to waterlogging under field conditions. Field Crops Research 113: 246 –255.
[14]	Ploschuk, R. A., Miralles, D. J., Colmer, T. D., Ploschuk, E. L., & Striker, G. G. (2018). Waterlogging of winter crops at early and late stages: Impacts on leaf physiology, growth and yield. In Frontiers in Plant Science (Vol. 871). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01863
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[21]	Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal Haryana, I. and International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, (Alterra - ILRI) Wageningen, The Netherlands, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, University, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - Karnataka, I. (2002) Recommendations on Waterlogging and Salinity Control Based on Pilot Area Drainage Research Central, Intech.
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APA Style

Olana, A. B. (2025). Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12

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ACS Style

Olana, A. B. Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2025, 10(2), 18-26. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12

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AMA Style

Olana AB. Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia. Eng Appl Sci. 2025;10(2):18-26. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12

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@article{10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12,
  author = {Ayana Bulti Olana},
  title = {Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20251002.12},
  abstract = {This paper reviews sources, causes, extent, effect, and remedies of problems with waterlogging and salinity in the agricultural land in the case of Ethiopia. Due to extensive seepage into the groundwater and agricultural problems land suffers from waterlogging and salinization. These issues can be managed by using either preventive or corrective strategies. Waterlogging and salinization are serious obstacles to the long-term viability of irrigated agricultural lands and the livelihoods of farmers in the afflicted areas, particularly smallholders. Waterlogging and salinization are caused by a variety of circumstances, including seepage from unlined clay canals, insufficient surface and subsurface drainage, poor water management methods, insufficient water supply, and irrigation with low-quality groundwater. According to the reviews, the surface drainage systems built were initially successful in lowering groundwater levels in an agricultural area selected based on the economy of the farmer. Overall success was restricted, however, due to poor system operation and maintenance, as well as a lack of suitable facilities for the disposal of saline drainage effluent. To put it another way, lowering groundwater levels through deep tube wells, salt leaching from excessive irrigation, chemical additions (gypsum, acids, organic matter), and biological and physical approaches are all options. Generally, this review paper gives an overview of several solutions for waterlogging and salinity concerns as well as their appropriateness and limitations in areas of agricultural lands.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia

AU  - Ayana Bulti Olana
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12
T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
SP  - 18
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1468
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12
AB  - This paper reviews sources, causes, extent, effect, and remedies of problems with waterlogging and salinity in the agricultural land in the case of Ethiopia. Due to extensive seepage into the groundwater and agricultural problems land suffers from waterlogging and salinization. These issues can be managed by using either preventive or corrective strategies. Waterlogging and salinization are serious obstacles to the long-term viability of irrigated agricultural lands and the livelihoods of farmers in the afflicted areas, particularly smallholders. Waterlogging and salinization are caused by a variety of circumstances, including seepage from unlined clay canals, insufficient surface and subsurface drainage, poor water management methods, insufficient water supply, and irrigation with low-quality groundwater. According to the reviews, the surface drainage systems built were initially successful in lowering groundwater levels in an agricultural area selected based on the economy of the farmer. Overall success was restricted, however, due to poor system operation and maintenance, as well as a lack of suitable facilities for the disposal of saline drainage effluent. To put it another way, lowering groundwater levels through deep tube wells, salt leaching from excessive irrigation, chemical additions (gypsum, acids, organic matter), and biological and physical approaches are all options. Generally, this review paper gives an overview of several solutions for waterlogging and salinity concerns as well as their appropriateness and limitations in areas of agricultural lands.

VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ayana Bulti Olana

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Mechara Agricultural Research Centre, Mechara, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4690-946X

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Olana, A. B. (2025). Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12

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ACS Style

Olana, A. B. Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2025, 10(2), 18-26. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Olana AB. Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia. Eng Appl Sci. 2025;10(2):18-26. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12,
  author = {Ayana Bulti Olana},
  title = {Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20251002.12},
  abstract = {This paper reviews sources, causes, extent, effect, and remedies of problems with waterlogging and salinity in the agricultural land in the case of Ethiopia. Due to extensive seepage into the groundwater and agricultural problems land suffers from waterlogging and salinization. These issues can be managed by using either preventive or corrective strategies. Waterlogging and salinization are serious obstacles to the long-term viability of irrigated agricultural lands and the livelihoods of farmers in the afflicted areas, particularly smallholders. Waterlogging and salinization are caused by a variety of circumstances, including seepage from unlined clay canals, insufficient surface and subsurface drainage, poor water management methods, insufficient water supply, and irrigation with low-quality groundwater. According to the reviews, the surface drainage systems built were initially successful in lowering groundwater levels in an agricultural area selected based on the economy of the farmer. Overall success was restricted, however, due to poor system operation and maintenance, as well as a lack of suitable facilities for the disposal of saline drainage effluent. To put it another way, lowering groundwater levels through deep tube wells, salt leaching from excessive irrigation, chemical additions (gypsum, acids, organic matter), and biological and physical approaches are all options. Generally, this review paper gives an overview of several solutions for waterlogging and salinity concerns as well as their appropriateness and limitations in areas of agricultural lands.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects and Mitigations Reviews of Water Logging and Salinity Problems on Agricultural Land in the Case of Ethiopia

AU  - Ayana Bulti Olana
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12
T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
SP  - 18
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1468
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20251002.12
AB  - This paper reviews sources, causes, extent, effect, and remedies of problems with waterlogging and salinity in the agricultural land in the case of Ethiopia. Due to extensive seepage into the groundwater and agricultural problems land suffers from waterlogging and salinization. These issues can be managed by using either preventive or corrective strategies. Waterlogging and salinization are serious obstacles to the long-term viability of irrigated agricultural lands and the livelihoods of farmers in the afflicted areas, particularly smallholders. Waterlogging and salinization are caused by a variety of circumstances, including seepage from unlined clay canals, insufficient surface and subsurface drainage, poor water management methods, insufficient water supply, and irrigation with low-quality groundwater. According to the reviews, the surface drainage systems built were initially successful in lowering groundwater levels in an agricultural area selected based on the economy of the farmer. Overall success was restricted, however, due to poor system operation and maintenance, as well as a lack of suitable facilities for the disposal of saline drainage effluent. To put it another way, lowering groundwater levels through deep tube wells, salt leaching from excessive irrigation, chemical additions (gypsum, acids, organic matter), and biological and physical approaches are all options. Generally, this review paper gives an overview of several solutions for waterlogging and salinity concerns as well as their appropriateness and limitations in areas of agricultural lands.

VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download